Understanding Tuberculosis and How to Protect Your Family

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most serious infectious diseases globally, affecting millions each year. In 2023, a total of 739,000 Filipinos were diagnosed with TB, meaning that approximately 643 out of every 100,000 people in the population were affected by the airborne and contagious disease.

While it primarily attacks the lungs, it can spread to other parts of the body too if left untreated. Understanding TB, recognizing its early signs, and knowing how to protect your family are crucial steps in preventing its spread.

What is Tuberculosis?

First, let’s understand what tuberculosis is. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Tuberculosis is an airborne bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes, releasing bacteria into the air. While anyone can contract TB, individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk. The World Health Organization (WHO) also stated that it was the leading cause of death among individuals with HIV and a significant contributor to fatalities linked to antimicrobial resistance.

What are the Early Signs and Symptoms of TB?

Here are the early signs and symptoms of active TB that you should be wary about:

• Persistent cough lasting more than three weeks
• Chest pain and difficulty breathing
• Unexplained weight loss
• Night sweats and chills
• Fatigue and weakness

Latent TB, on the other hand, or when tuberculosis germs are present in the body but are not active, does not show symptoms and is not contagious. However, this can still develop into active TB if not treated properly.

Why is Early Detection and Treatment Important?

Tuberculosis is preventable and curable. But delayed detection of TB raises the likelihood of spreading the disease, experiencing negative health effects, and causing emotional and financial strain on both the individual and their family. Early detection through TB skin tests or chest X-rays can prevent complications. If diagnosed, following a complete course of TB medication as prescribed by a doctor is essential to prevent the development of drug-resistant TB.

Is Tuberculosis Contagious?

Yes, tuberculosis is contagious but only when it is in its active form. Latent TB cannot spread from one person to another. Transmission happens through prolonged exposure to an infected person, making households and workplaces vulnerable settings.

How to Prevent Tuberculosis for You and Your Family

Tuberculosis (TB) may be a serious illness, but the good thing about it is that it’s preventable. With the right precautions, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from this airborne disease. From proper hygiene to vaccinations, here’s how you can ensure your family stays safe and healthy.

1. Vaccination

The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is commonly administered in many countries to prevent severe TB cases in children.

2. Seek medical attention

If you have symptoms like the ones mentioned earlier, early diagnosis and treatment for TB can help stop the spread of disease and improve your chances of recovery.

3. Proper Ventilation

Since TB bacteria spread through the air, ensuring good airflow in enclosed spaces can reduce the risk of infection.

4. Good Hygiene

Encouraging proper cough etiquette, such as covering the mouth when coughing, can help minimize the spread.

5. Healthy Diet and Lifestyle

Maintaining a strong immune system through a well-balanced diet, exercise, and adequate sleep helps the body fight off infections.

How to Support Your Family Member Recovering from TB

Recovering from tuberculosis takes time, patience, and a strong support system. If a loved one is undergoing treatment, your care and encouragement can make a world of difference. From ensuring they take their medications consistently to creating an stress-free environment, here’s how you can help them heal and regain their strength.

• Encouraging proper medication intake
• Providing nutrient-rich meals to strengthen the immune system
• Reducing stress and ensuring emotional support

Tuberculosis is a preventable and treatable disease when addressed early. By maintaining good hygiene, ensuring proper nutrition, and spreading awareness, you can protect your family and contribute to the fight against TB. If you suspect TB symptoms in yourself or a loved one, consult a healthcare professional immediately for proper testing and treatment. Always stay safe and healthy, Kapitbahay! — (MyPharma)

References:

1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis
2. https://globalnation.inquirer.net/254029/ph-still-among-top-5-in-tally-of-tb-cases#ixzz91QLJjLPs
3. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/causes/index.html
4. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HTM-STB-PSI-2011.21
5. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/publications/factsheets/prevention/bcg.pdf
6. https://www.cdc.gov/tb/prevention/index.html
7. https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/tb/basics/factsheets/levoltbi.html